Papillon

The Papillon descends from the small continental toy spaniels seen in European art from the Renaissance onward. These elegant companion dogs were favourites in royal and aristocratic households, appearing in portraits from France, Italy, Spain and the Low Countries.

The breed’s name means “butterfly” in French, referring to the large, fringed ears that became especially associated with the erect-eared type. A drop-eared variety, the Phalène, also exists, preserving an older ear style within the same breed tradition.

Papillons need moderate exercise and mental stimulation, despite their small size. Daily walks, indoor games, trick training, puzzle toys and play sessions help keep them happy and prevent boredom. They are lively and agile dogs that often enjoy learning and staying busy.

Training is usually rewarding because Papillons are intelligent and quick to learn. They respond best to positive reinforcement, praise and varied sessions that keep their attention. Early socialisation helps prevent nervousness or excessive barking and encourages confidence around people and other dogs.

The Papillon has a long, silky coat that is relatively easy to maintain because it has little to no heavy undercoat. Brushing a few times a week helps prevent tangles, particularly around the ears, chest, tail and feathering on the legs. The breed’s distinctive ear fringes should be combed gently to avoid breakage.

Papillons do not usually need extensive trimming, though tidying around the feet may be helpful. Bathing should be occasional or as needed. Regular nail trimming, dental care and ear checks are important, especially because small breeds can be prone to dental build-up.