Dog dental care: How to keep your dog’s teeth and gums healthy

Summary

Why dog dental care matters

Dental care is an important part of your dog’s overall health, but it is often easy to overlook. Many owners notice “dog breath” and assume it is normal, when in fact persistent bad breath can be one of the first signs of dental disease.

Dental disease is not just a cosmetic issue. When plaque builds up along the gumline, it can harden into tartar and lead to inflammation of the gums. Over time, infection can spread below the gumline and affect the structures that support the teeth.

This can lead to:

• Bad breath
• Red, swollen or bleeding gums
• Pain when eating or chewing
• Loose or missing teeth
• Tooth root abscesses
• Jawbone damage in severe cases
• Reduced appetite or difficulty eating
• A lower quality of life due to chronic pain

Dental care is an important part of your dog’s overall health, but it is often easy to overlook. Many owners notice “dog breath” and assume it is normal, when in fact persistent bad breath can be one of the first signs of dental disease.

Cost of dental disease treatment for dogs

Dental disease was one of the most common health issues experienced by dogs in 2024, according to PetSure claims data.

^ØBased on PetSure claims data, 2022 calendar year. Reimbursement for these claims under a pet insurance policy would be subject to limits, such as annual benefit limits or sub-limits, benefit percentage, applicable waiting periods and any applicable excess. Cover is subject to the policy terms and conditions. You should consider the relevant Product Disclosure Statement or policy wording available from the relevant provider. Please note that values calculated are based on all claims for that condition and medically related conditions in each calendar year.

Because veterinary dental treatment can become expensive, especially where extractions, dental X-rays or more complex procedures are needed, it can help to have measures in place to prepare for unexpected vet bills. Pet insurance may help cover a portion of eligible vet costs if your dog develops a covered dental condition, depending on your policy and level of cover.

For more information, see our article on pet insurance that covers dental in Australia.

How periodontal disease develops in dogs

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, begins when food particles and bacteria collect around the teeth and gums. This creates plaque, a sticky film that builds up along the gumline.

If plaque is not removed, minerals in the saliva can harden it into tartar. Tartar provides a rough surface where more bacteria can accumulate, which can irritate the gums and lead to gingivitis.

Did you know?
Just over 85% of dogs over the age of 4 develop some form of periodontal disease. This is one reason why dental checks, toothbrushing and early prevention are so important, even if your dog seems healthy.

Gingivitis is the early stage of gum inflammation. At this point, the gums may look red or swollen and may bleed easily. If the problem progresses below the gumline, it can damage the tissues and bone that hold the teeth in place. This more advanced stage is called periodontitis.

Once periodontitis develops, professional veterinary treatment is usually needed. Brushing and dental chews may help with prevention and ongoing care, but they cannot remove tartar below the gumline or treat advanced infection.

Signs of dental disease in dogs

Dental problems can be hard to spot because many dogs continue eating even when their mouth is painful. Watch for subtle changes as well as obvious symptoms.

Common signs include:

• Persistent bad breath
• Yellow or brown tartar on the teeth
• Red, swollen or bleeding gums
• Drooling more than usual
• Pawing at the mouth
• Chewing on one side of the mouth
• Dropping food while eating
• Reluctance to eat hard food or treats
• Swelling around the face or jaw
• Loose, broken or missing teeth
• Blood on toys, chews or food bowls
• Behaviour changes, such as irritability or withdrawal

If your dog has facial swelling, obvious pain, bleeding, a broken tooth, difficulty eating or a sudden change in appetite, book a vet appointment promptly.

Because it is difficult to predict the costs of veterinary care, it can help to have measures in place to help prepare for the unexpected. Pet insurance can help by covering a portion of the eligible vet bill if the unexpected does happen.

Get a quick quote

Which dogs are most at risk of dental disease?

Any dog can develop dental disease, but some dogs are at higher risk than others.

Risk factors include:

• Age, as dental disease becomes more common over time
• Small or toy breed size
• Crowded teeth
• Retained baby teeth
• Short-nosed or flat-faced breeds with crowded jaws
• A history of poor dental care
• Soft diets that do not encourage chewing
• Chewing very hard items that may fracture teeth
• Some underlying health conditions

Small dogs are particularly prone to dental disease because their teeth are often crowded closely together, making it easier for plaque and tartar to accumulate. Because many small dogs live long lives, dental disease can also become an ongoing senior health concern.

How to prevent dental disease in dogs

The best approach to dog dental care is a combination of home care and veterinary care. No single product or habit can guarantee perfect teeth, but a consistent routine can make a meaningful difference.

1. Brush your dog’s teeth regularly

Toothbrushing is one of the most effective ways to reduce plaque before it hardens into tartar. Ideally, dogs should have their teeth brushed daily, but even a few times a week may be better than not brushing at all.

Start slowly and make the experience positive. Many dogs need time to get used to having their mouth handled, so begin with short sessions and plenty of praise.

You will need:

• A soft dog toothbrush, finger brush or soft children’s toothbrush
• Pet-safe toothpaste
• Treats or praise as a reward

Do not use human toothpaste, as it is not designed to be swallowed and may contain ingredients that are unsafe for dogs.

Fun fact
Many dog toothpastes come in dog-friendly flavours such as chicken or beef. If your dog is reluctant to have their teeth brushed, a flavoured pet toothpaste may make the experience more enjoyable.

2. Introduce brushing gradually

If your dog is new to toothbrushing, do not start by trying to clean the whole mouth at once. A gradual approach is more likely to succeed.

A simple routine is:

1. Let your dog lick a small amount of pet toothpaste from your finger.
2. Gently touch the lips and outside of the mouth.
3. Lift the lip and briefly touch the outside of the teeth.
4. Introduce a finger brush or toothbrush for a few seconds.
5. Focus on the outside surfaces of the teeth, especially along the gumline.
6. Build up slowly over days or weeks.
7. Keep sessions short, calm and rewarding.

It is usually most important to brush the outside surfaces of the teeth, where plaque commonly accumulates. If your dog becomes stressed or reactive, stop and ask your vet or a qualified trainer for guidance.

For more detailed instructions, see our guide to brushing your dog’s teeth effectively.

3. Schedule regular dental checks with your vet

Your vet can examine your dog’s teeth, gums and mouth as part of a routine health check. They can identify early signs of dental disease, retained baby teeth, fractured teeth, oral lumps, gum recession and other issues that may not be obvious at home.

Some dogs need professional dental cleaning under general anaesthetic. This allows the vet to safely clean above and below the gumline, assess each tooth properly and take dental X-rays if needed. Dental X-rays are important because some painful problems occur below the gumline where they cannot be seen during a basic visual exam.

Ask your vet how often your dog should have a dental check. The right schedule will depend on your dog’s age, breed, dental history, diet, chewing habits and home care routine.

Dental care tip:
Get started early. We recommend an annual dental examination and teeth cleaning from around 6 months of age, followed by dental care every 12 to 18 months, depending on your dog’s age, breed, dental history and your vet’s advice.

4. Choose dental chews carefully

Dental chews can be a helpful addition to your dog’s oral care routine, especially if they are designed to reduce plaque or tartar. However, they should not replace toothbrushing or veterinary dental care.

Choose dental chews that are:

• Appropriate for your dog’s size and chewing strength
• Flexible enough not to fracture teeth
• Digestible or safe if swallowed
• Given under supervision
• Used according to the product instructions
• Recommended by your vet where possible

The Veterinary Oral Health Council seal can help identify products that have been assessed for plaque or tartar control. Your vet can also recommend products that suit your dog’s mouth, diet and health needs.

Avoid giving chews that are too hard. As a general guide, if a chew is hard enough that you would not want it knocked against your own knee, it may be too hard for your dog’s teeth. Very hard items can increase the risk of tooth fractures.

Fun fact:
Puppies naturally love to chew, especially while teething. Safe chew toys can help satisfy this instinct and may also help protect your shoes, furniture and other household items.

5. Be cautious with bones, antlers and very hard chews

Bones, antlers, hooves and other hard chews are sometimes promoted as natural dental cleaners, but they can carry risks. Some dogs chew very forcefully and may crack or fracture teeth. Bones can also splinter, cause choking, contribute to constipation or create a risk of gastrointestinal injury or obstruction.

Cooked bones should be avoided because they are more likely to splinter. Raw bones are still controversial and are not suitable for every dog. If you are considering bones or other hard chews, speak to your vet first and always supervise your dog.

6. Consider dental diets and oral care products

Some veterinary dental diets are formulated to help reduce plaque or tartar through kibble shape, texture or added ingredients. These may be useful for some dogs, particularly those at higher risk of dental disease.

Other dental care products may include:

• Dental wipes
• Oral gels
• Water additives
• Dental rinses or sprays
• Dental treats
• Prescription dental diets

These products can support oral care, but they are not a complete substitute for brushing or professional treatment. Always check with your vet before using dental products, especially if your dog has allergies, a sensitive stomach, kidney disease, liver disease, pancreatitis or other health concerns.

Product tip:
Dental wipes, oral rinses, water additives, dental treats and breath fresheners may help support oral hygiene, but they should be used alongside brushing and vet checks, not as a replacement.

Can diet prevent dental disease?

Diet can play a role in dental health, but it should not be relied on as the only form of prevention. Some dry foods and dental diets may help reduce plaque or tartar, but ordinary kibble is not a replacement for brushing.

Similarly, raw diets and bones are sometimes claimed to improve dental health, but they also come with potential risks and are not appropriate for every dog. The safest approach is to ask your vet which diet and dental care plan is best for your dog’s individual needs.

What happens during professional dog teeth cleaning?

A professional veterinary dental procedure may include:

• A pre-anaesthetic health assessment
• General anaesthetic
• Full oral examination
• Dental charting
• Scaling above and below the gumline
• Polishing the teeth
• Dental X-rays, if needed
• Treatment of diseased or damaged teeth
• Tooth extractions, if necessary
• Pain relief and aftercare instructions

General anaesthetic is usually required because dogs cannot stay still, keep their mouth open or tolerate cleaning below the gumline while awake. Anaesthesia also allows the veterinary team to protect your dog’s airway and perform a thorough, safe dental procedure.

When should you see a vet about your dog’s teeth?

Book a vet appointment if you notice:

• Bad breath that does not improve
• Red, swollen or bleeding gums
• Loose, broken or discoloured teeth
• Difficulty eating or chewing
• Dropping food from the mouth
• Pawing at the mouth
• Excessive drooling
• Facial swelling
• Blood on toys or bedding
• A sudden dislike of being touched around the face
• Any lump, sore or unusual growth in the mouth

Dental disease can be painful, even when a dog appears otherwise well. Early veterinary care may help reduce the need for more complex treatment later.

Dog dental care checklist

A practical dog dental care routine may include:

• Check your dog’s mouth regularly for bad breath, tartar, redness or broken teeth.
• Brush your dog’s teeth daily if possible.
• Use only pet-safe toothpaste.
• Introduce brushing slowly and positively.
• Ask your vet about dental checks and professional cleaning.
• Choose dental chews carefully and supervise chewing.
• Avoid very hard chews that may fracture teeth.
• Use dental diets, wipes or water additives only as part of a broader plan.
• Seek vet advice if your dog shows signs of pain, infection or difficulty eating.

In conclusion

Looking after your dog’s teeth is one of the best ways to support their comfort, health and quality of life. Regular brushing, safe chew choices, routine vet checks and early treatment can all help reduce the risk of painful dental disease.

Because dental problems can be difficult to detect and treatment costs can add up, it is worth being proactive. Bow Wow Meow Pet Insurance can help protect you from a portion of eligible unexpected vet bills, depending on your policy and level of cover, so you can focus on getting your dog the care they need.

Sources:

“Guide to brushing your dog’s teeth effectively”, Bow Wow Meow Pet Insurance, https://bowwowinsurance.com.au/pet-community/pet-talk/how-to-brush-your-dogs-teeth/. Accessed 16 Jun 2026.

“World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines”, WSAVA, https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Dental-Guidleines-for-endorsement_0.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2026.

“Periodontal Disease in Small Animals”, Merck Veterinary Manual, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/dentistry-in-small-animals/periodontal-disease-in-small-animals. Accessed 16 Jun 2026.

“Periodontal disease”, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/health-topics/canine-health-information/periodontal-disease. Accessed 16 Jun 2026.

“2019 AAHA Dental Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats”, American Animal Hospital Association, https://www.aaha.org/public_documents/guidelines/aaha_dental_guidelines.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2026.